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Robert Townsend (spy)
Robert Townsend (November 25, 1753 – March 7, 1838)〔Alexander Rose. “Washington’s Spies." (New York: Bantam Dell, 2006) 135〕〔Alexander Rose. “Washington’s Spies." (New York: Bantam Dell, 2006) 277〕 was a member of the Culper Ring during the American Revolution. With the aliases “Samuel Culper, Jr.” and “723,” Townsend operated in New York City and gathered information as a service to General George Washington. He is one of the least known operatives in the spy ring, once demanding that Abraham Woodhull, aka “Samuel Culper,” never tell his name to anyone, not even Washington.〔Lynn Groh. “The Culper Spy Ring.” (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1969) 13〕
==Background==
Townsend was the third son of eight children of Samuel and Sarah Townsend, from Oyster Bay, New York. Samuel was a Whig-slanted politician who owned a store in Oyster Bay. Little is known about Robert’s early identity. His mother was an Episcopalian and his father was a liberal Quaker. He held patriotic feelings towards his country but was a Loyalist. Samuel Townsend fought many political battles between traditional Quakers in Oyster Bay, and Robert matured in an atmosphere in which his father routinely acted in ways that were considered dangerous by traditional Quakers.〔Alexander Rose. "Washington’s Spies." (New York: Bantam Dell, 2006) 133-143〕
Despite his father’s political battles, a young Robert showed little interest in public service. During his mid-teens, Samuel arranged for Robert to apprentice with the House of Templeton & Stewart, a merchant firm. During this time, the young Townsend lived and worked among soldiers and residents of Holy Ground,〔http://www.cathleenschine.com/journalism/ny_ground/〕 the New York City’s biggest red light district.〔http://www.oldsaltblog.com/2008/10/the-holy-ground-songs-sailors-and-women-of-easy-virtue/〕 Templeton & Stewart catered to the working-class residents of this district. Ultimately, Townsend’s early years were dedicated to making a fortune and not demonstrating his underlying patriotism, which would have undermined his financial goals.〔Alexander Rose. "Washington’s Spies." (New York: Bantam Dell, 2006) 143〕 Townsend fared well during the war in financial terms (he operated a store even as he was spying for Washington). Between May 1781 and July 1783, he brought in £16,786, while his expenditures amounted to £15,161, for a profit of £1,625 over that span of time.〔Alexander Rose, "Washington's Spies." (New York: Bantum Dell) 154〕
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